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Censorship in China

With a budget of USD 6.6 billion, China is at the top of the censorship game.
Censorship in China
Crédit image: State Dept./D. Thompson

China is the largest surviving authoritarian regime worldwide. From the founding of the current Chinese regime to the present day (2025), the regime has directly or indirectly caused the death of at least 16 million Chinese civilians during peacetime.

The Chinese government continues to deny or minimize its wrongdoing in all humanitarian tragedies under its rule. To prevent the circulation of potentially embarrassing information concerning the regime, China has constructed the world’s most sophisticated censorship machine, consisting of a firewall filtering all international internet traffic, a domestic censorship team more than 2 million people strong, and a large network of secret police specializing in surveillance, harassment, detention, interrogation, and intimidation of dissidents.

Below are some credible sources on Chinese censorship.

The Great Firewall(防火长城)

China finds blocking international websites not submitting to its censorship essential to the regime's reputation.

A 101 on China's modern Greatwall - the Great Firewall:

Great Firewall - China Digital Space

How China banned Facebook (and Instagram, X/Twitter, Whatsapp, Snapchat, ...):

China’s Facebook Status: Blocked
Get breaking national and world news, broadcast video coverage, and exclusive interviews. Find the top news online at ABC news.

How China gradually blocked almost all international news websites, including the BBC, the New York Times, Washington Post, the Guardian, Sky News, and many more:

China blocks foreign news sites that revealed elite’s offshore holdings
Guardian and International Consortium of Investigative Journalists among sites blocked as China Digital Times publishes details of directive

Domestic Censorship Team (网络审查大军)

What do University graduates, prisoners, and freelancing aunties have in common?

All of them may be working on Chinese domestic censorship.

When a Chinese government newspaper accidentally self-incriminated the CCP on its extensive and expensive oppression of freedom of speech:

China employs two million microblog monitors state media say
More than two million people in China are employed by the government to monitor web activity, state media say, providing a rare glimpse into how the state tries to control the internet.

When Georgetown University’s Ryan Fedasiuk put a cost figure to the Chinese censorship apparatus:

Buying Silence: The Price of Internet Censorship in China
Introduction On Monday, November 12, 2018, the recently-appointed director of China’s Central Cyberspace Affairs Commission (CAC) Zhuang Rongwen (庄荣文) summoned senior executives from WeChat and Sina Weibo for a “discussion” (Central CAC, November 16, 2018). While there is no transcript of the meeting available to the public, one thing is certain: It did not go well. For months, Zhuang had …

When China codified prison sentences for those challenging the censorship:

China cracks down on social media with threat of jail for ‘online rumours’
People will be charged with defamation if false information is reposted more than 500 times under new rules

Secret Police (国保,国安)

China's modern Gestapo.

How do Chinese secret police deal with dissidents?

Search, detain, imprison, and throw them into mental asylums, where they can be injected with sedatives:

白纸运动一周年:亲身参与的年轻人们怎么样了? - BBC News 中文
当时参加抗议的年轻人境遇不尽相同——有的遭到拘捕或失联,甚至被投入精神病院,也有一些人的辗转到海外,继续发声。

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China’s psychiatric treatment for ‘trouble-makers’
Student among dozens who challenged China’s authorities to have been sent to psychiatric units, BBC finds.